Capnography

What Is Capnography?

Capnography is the continuous monitoring and graphical representation of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in exhaled breath, specifically measuring end-tidal CO2 concentrations. This technique provides critical insights into a patient's ventilatory status, perfusion, and metabolic processes, particularly during emergency medical situations. Not to be confused with capnometry, which only measures CO2 levels without graphical output, capnography is essential for effective patient assessment within the framework of the Incident Command System (ICS). In EMS contexts, it is commonly framed alongside structured communication and triage concepts such as START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) or SALT (Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, Treatment/Transport) as shared terminology.

Why Capnography Matters on the Fireground

Capnography is vital for EMS providers as it aids in assessing airway patency, confirming endotracheal tube placement, and evaluating the efficacy of CPR during cardiac arrest scenarios. Its ability to rapidly detect changes in a patient's condition enhances decision-making and improves patient outcomes. Clear definitions improve handoffs, documentation clarity, and team alignment when multiple providers must prioritize tasks under time pressure.