pneumothorax

A pneumothorax is a pathological condition defined by the accumulation of air within the pleural cavity, which can result in partial or complete lung collapse. This condition may arise spontaneously or secondary to trauma, such as a penetrating chest wound. Not to be confused with a hemothorax, which involves blood in the pleural space, distinguishing between a tension pneumothorax—an acute, life-threatening variant—and a simple pneumothorax is essential for effective management in emergency scenarios, such as those governed by NIMS protocols.