Definition & Operational Usage of Xiphoid Process
What Is Xiphoid Process?
The xiphoid process is the small, cartilaginous lower extension of the sternum (breastbone) located at the epigastric junction, serving as an anatomical landmark for CPR hand placement and abdominal thrusts.
⚠️ Operational Safety Warning:Place CPR compression hands on the LOWER HALF OF THE STERNUM, above the notch of the xiphoid process, to prevent liver laceration.
Why Xiphoid Process Matters on the Fireground
Applying CPR chest compressions directly over the xiphoid process can fracture the fragile cartilage, driving bone fragments into the liver or stomach and causing fatal internal lacerations.
Relevant NFPA Standards
- NREMT Standards: National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians Practice Standards
- NFPA 455: Standard for Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Field Procedures & Tactical Steps
- Locate the lower margin of the ribcage and trace upward to the substernal notch.
- Identify the xiphoid process at the base of the sternum.
- Place heel of compression hand two finger-widths above the xiphoid process on the lower half of sternum.
- Perform chest compressions at 100-120 CPM and 2-2.4 inch depth.
- Inspect for chest wall crepitus or flail segments during post-resuscitation evaluation.
Common Context & Application
Referenced during CPR instruction (AHA/NREMT), chest trauma exams, and Heimlich maneuver training.
Frequently Asked Questions about Xiphoid Process
Why must CPR compressions avoid the xiphoid process?
Compressing the xiphoid process can break the cartilage extension, causing sharp bone fragments to lacerate the left lobe of the liver or stomach, causing fatal internal bleeding.
Where should hands be placed for adult CPR compressions?
Hands should be placed on the lower half of the sternum (breastbone), centered between the nipples, safely above the xiphoid process.
Other Names for Xiphoid Process
xiphoidxiphoid bone
Xiphoid Process may also appear in training materials, NFPA standards, or department SOPs as: xiphoid, xiphoid bone.
Relevant Tools
Operational calculators related to Xiphoid Process:
Category:EMS & Medical
— Patient care, assessment, interventions, triage, and EMS system terms commonly used by firefighter/medics.