Definition & Operational Usage of Search and Rescue
What Is Search and Rescue?
Search and Rescue (SAR) on the fireground is the organized tactical evolution of entering a burning or collapsed structure to locate, isolate, treat, and extricate trapped victims while maintaining crew orientation.
Why Search and Rescue Matters on the Fireground
Primary search is conducted under extreme heat and zero visibility. Using disciplined search techniques (oriented search, search ropes, TIC scanning) ensures all rooms are searched systematically without searchers becoming disoriented.
Relevant NFPA Standards
- NFPA 1010: Standard on Professional Qualifications for Firefighters
- NFPA 1550: Standard for Emergency Responder Health and Safety
Field Procedures & Tactical Steps
- Perform rapid initial size-up: identify probable victim locations (bedrooms, hallways, near entry doors).
- Execute Primary Search: rapid, thorough search of all accessible areas during active fire operations.
- Utilize Oriented Search method: team leader stays at door/hallway with TIC while searcher checks room interior.
- Mark searched room doors clearly with chalk, masking tape, or latch straps upon exiting.
- Execute Secondary Search: slow, methodical search conducted by a different crew after main fire suppression is complete.
Common Context & Application
Executed by truck companies and dedicated search teams on structure fires, building collapses, and technical rescues.
Frequently Asked Questions about Search and Rescue
What is the difference between Primary Search and Secondary Search?
What is the Oriented Search technique?
Other Names for Search and Rescue
Search and Rescue may also appear in training materials, NFPA standards, or department SOPs as: Rescue Operations, Victim Search, Emergency Rescue.
Relevant Tools
Operational calculators related to Search and Rescue: