NFPA Standard Explorer

Program framework for multi-agency response to active shooter and hostile events. Addresses unified command, casualty care in warm zones, responder protection, and inter-agency coordination concepts for fire, EMS, and law enforcement integration.

Active shooter and hostile events create multi-hazard environments where traditional fire/EMS response models may create unacceptable risk. Integrated response programs—built before incidents—reduce the gap between law enforcement, fire, and EMS operations and improve survivable casualty outcomes.

• Multi-agency unified command concepts for hostile events (high level)
• Hot, warm, and cold zone definitions and movement concepts
• Casualty care principles in warm/rescue task force contexts (conceptual)
• Responder protection and PPE considerations for hostile environments (high level)
• Communications and information sharing concepts between agencies
• Training and exercise program elements (conceptual)

• Developing joint fire/EMS/law enforcement response protocols for active shooter scenarios
• Training rescue task forces (RTF) for warm zone casualty extraction and care
• Conducting multi-agency tabletop and functional exercises
• Establishing unified command positions and radio channel assignments for hostile events
• Pre-planning staging, treatment area, and transport corridor options for high-risk facilities

• Fire/EMS should stage and wait until law enforcement declares 'all clear' (modern integrated response acknowledges survivable casualties benefit from earlier care with appropriate protocols).
• ASHER programs are only for large departments (any department with civilian exposure needs an integrated response concept).
• One table-top exercise is sufficient preparation (proficiency requires repeated, realistic multi-agency exercises).

• Start with a joint meeting with your law enforcement partners—shared vocabulary and protocols come before equipment or tactics
• Define RTF composition, protection requirements, and authority to enter warm zones before incidents
• Conduct at least one annual multi-agency exercise for your highest-risk facilities
• Develop a go-bag or kit inventory for RTF members based on your agency's agreed protocols