🪝 Mechanical Advantage Calculator

Select a rope rescue system, enter load weight and efficiency — get haul force, rope multiplier, and system notes. Covers Z-Rig, Piggyback Z, C-Rig, Drop C, and custom MA.

⚙️ Select System

Z-Rig (3:1) Results

3:1
Theoretical MA
2.3:1
Actual MA (78%)
86 lb
Haul Force / Person
172 lb
Total Haul Force
150 ft
Rope Needed
3
Resets Required

📊 System Comparison

SystemTMAAMA @78%Haul Force (200 lb)Best Use
Z-Rig3:12.3:1~86 lbStandard haul, most rescues
C-Rig4:13.1:1~65 lbHeavier loads, confined space
Drop C (6:1)6:14.7:1~43 lbVery heavy loads, limited haulers
Piggyback Z (9:1)9:17.0:1~29 lbMax advantage, complex setup
5:1 Compound5:13.9:1~51 lbLitter hauls, mid-range advantage

📖 System Reference

Z-Rig (3:1)

The Z-Rig is the most common rope rescue mechanical advantage system. Two pulleys and the load anchor create a Z shape. Pull 3 feet of rope to move the load 1 foot. Quick to build, easy to reset, and sufficient for most single-victim rescues with 2–3 haulers on a 200 lb load.

Piggyback Z (9:1)

A 3:1 Z-Rig attached to the haul strand of another 3:1 Z-Rig. Theoretical advantage is 3 × 3 = 9:1. Practical advantage is lower due to compounding friction. Used when very heavy loads or very few haulers require maximum mechanical advantage. Setup is complex and rope consumption is high.

C-Rig (4:1)

A 4:1 compound system using three pulleys. The rope runs from anchor through two traveling pulleys to the haul point. More efficient rope use than a Piggyback Z for a similar result, but slightly more complex to build correctly. Common in confined space and low-angle rescue.

Drop C (6:1)

A 6:1 compound system, effectively a 3:1 pulling through a 2:1. Provides high advantage with manageable rope consumption. Useful for heavy patient packaging, litter rescues on steep terrain, or when hauler count is limited.

⚠️ Training reference only. Mechanical advantage calculations are for training and planning purposes. Real rope rescue operations must follow your department's SOGs, NFPA 1670/1006, and ASTM standards. System efficiency varies with rope diameter, pulley condition, and friction angles. Never exceed the working load limits of any rope rescue component.

❓ FAQ

What is the difference between TMA and AMA?
Theoretical Mechanical Advantage (TMA) counts the number of rope segments supporting the load. Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) accounts for friction at each pulley and contact point. Friction-resistant pulleys run at 90–95% efficiency; simple carabiners run at 60–70%. This calculator uses your selected efficiency to compute AMA from TMA.
How many haulers do I need?
As a rule, each hauler can sustain about 100–130 lbs of pull force. The calculator shows required haul force per person given your hauler count. If force per person exceeds 80–90 lbs, add haulers or increase mechanical advantage.
Why does the Piggyback Z use so much rope?
A 9:1 Piggyback Z requires pulling 9 feet of rope to move the load 1 foot. For a 50-foot haul, you need approximately 450 feet of rope plus rigging tails — which typically means multiple resets or a very long rope. This is the main trade-off for its high mechanical advantage.
What is a reset in rope rescue?
A reset (or progress capture and re-rig) is when the traveling pulleys reach the anchor end and must be reset back to the load side to continue hauling. A progress capture device (Prusik, ratchet, or cam) holds the load while the system is reset. Frequent resets slow the operation significantly.