Definition & Operational Usage of SAMPLE Assessment
What Is SAMPLE Assessment?
SAMPLE is a standardized EMS medical history mnemonic used to gather patient history: S = Signs/Symptoms, A = Allergies, M = Medications, P = Pertinent past history, L = Last oral intake, E = Events leading up to injury/illness.
Why SAMPLE Assessment Matters on the Fireground
SAMPLE provides a structured framework ensuring critical medical history is not forgotten during high-stress calls. Knowing a patient's last meal prevents aspiration during intubation, while medication history reveals hidden cardiac conditions.
Relevant NFPA Standards
- NREMT Standards: National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians Practice Standards
- NFPA 455: Standard for Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Field Procedures & Tactical Steps
- S: Ask patient to describe chief complaint signs and symptoms.
- A: Inquire about known allergies to medications, food, or latex.
- M: Review all prescribed, over-the-counter, and herbal medications.
- P: Ask about underlying medical conditions (diabetes, HTN, cardiac history, surgeries).
- L & E: Determine time/nature of last oral intake and specific events leading to emergency call.
Common Context & Application
Gathered during the secondary assessment on medical and trauma prehospital calls after primary life threats are addressed.
Frequently Asked Questions about SAMPLE Assessment
Why is 'Last oral intake' critical to know before emergency surgery?
How does SAMPLE complement the OPQRST assessment?
Other Names for SAMPLE Assessment
SAMPLE Assessment may also appear in training materials, NFPA standards, or department SOPs as: SAMPLE assessment, patient history, medical evaluation.
Relevant Tools
Operational calculators related to SAMPLE Assessment: