UN 0336 — Fireworks

Fireworks, classified as UN 0336, are pyrotechnic articles used for entertainment and ceremonial purposes. They are composed of various chemicals, including oxidizers, fuels, and colorants, and are typically packaged in paper, cardboard, or plastic casings. Fireworks are widely used in public displays and are also available for consumer purchase. As a result, firefighters may encounter them during emergency responses to fires or explosions. The production and transportation of fireworks are regulated by the Department of Transportation, which classifies them as a Class 1 hazardous material. The scale of production and transportation of fireworks is significant, with millions of pounds of fireworks being manufactured and shipped each year.

Hazard overview: Fireworks pose a minor blast or fire hazard, with limited effect. Localized burning or deflagration is possible, and smoke and heat from burning may be present. The risk of a low mass explosion is also possible under normal conditions. Firefighters should be aware of the potential for projection hazards, including flying debris and shrapnel. The physical properties of fireworks, including their composition and packaging, can affect their behavior in a fire or explosion. For example, the presence of water-reactive metals, such as magnesium or aluminum, can cause degradation or reaction with water. However, this reaction is generally not violent.

Response guidance: In the event of a fire or explosion involving fireworks, responders should isolate the area to a distance of 500m in all directions, initially. If the fire involves large quantities of fireworks, responders should evacuate a radius of 800m. The correct suppression agent for fires involving fireworks is water spray from a distance, dry chemical, or sand. Responders should avoid disturbing packages and maintain a safe distance due to the projection hazard. CHEMTREC should be contacted in the event of a spill or leak, and evacuation zones should be established based on the size of the incident.

Firefighter training notes: Firefighters responding to incidents involving fireworks should be trained in the hazards and risks associated with these materials. A common tactical error is to approach the incident without proper PPE or to disturb packages, which can exacerbate the situation. Responders should be aware of the importance of maintaining a safe distance and using the correct suppression agents. ICS positions, such as the Incident Commander and Safety Officer, should be aware of the potential hazards and take steps to mitigate them.

Regulatory context: Fireworks are classified as a Class 1 hazardous material by the Department of Transportation. The packing group is not applicable, as fireworks are not typically shipped in bulk quantities. OSHA PEL/TLV values are not established for fireworks, as they are not typically considered an occupational hazard. However, responders should be aware of the potential hazards associated with fireworks and take steps to mitigate them.

Storage & handling: Fireworks should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials such as oxidizers or fuels. The temperature limit for storage is not established, but fireworks should be kept away from heat sources or ignition sources. Ventilation standards for storage areas are not established, but fireworks should be stored in well-ventilated areas to prevent the accumulation of explosive or flammable atmospheres. Containers used for storage should be designed to prevent the ignition of the fireworks and should be kept closed when not in use.