On-Scene Gross Decontamination: Critical Steps for Firefighter Safety

Gross decontamination is a vital process conducted immediately on scene to reduce the hazardous contaminants on firefighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) and exposed skin. This procedure helps minimize the transfer of carcinogens and other harmful substances from the fire environment back to the fire station or ambulance. The crew initiates gross decontamination after completing interior attack or rescue operations where exposure to smoke, soot, and chemical residues is significant.

Setting Up and Executing Gross Decontamination

Upon exiting the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) atmosphere, firefighters proceed to a designated decontamination corridor, typically established by command or the safety officer. The crew removes SCBA facepieces and begins rinsing off PPE using water from a hose or portable water source. The goal is to flush away the bulk of contaminants before doffing gear or entering rehabilitation. Attention is given to high-contact areas such as gloves, helmet, and turnout coat cuffs where soot and chemicals accumulate.

Firefighters must maintain accountability and communicate clearly during this phase to ensure all personnel undergo decontamination. Command may assign a dedicated decon team to oversee the process, ensuring thoroughness and safety. The use of brushes or wipes may be incorporated depending on the contaminant type and available resources.

Operational Importance and Lessons Learned

Gross decontamination reduces long-term health risks associated with exposure to toxic fireground contaminants. It is a proactive step that complements full technical decontamination conducted back at the station or rehabilitation area. Fire officers should integrate gross decon procedures into standard operating guidelines and train crews regularly to perform them efficiently under pressure.

Implementing on-scene gross decontamination also supports incident command goals by maintaining firefighter health and readiness. Early and consistent application of this procedure decreases the likelihood of cross-contamination and supports overall operational safety. Understanding the practical workflow and challenges of gross decontamination equips crews to execute it effectively during emergency responses.