Understanding Fire Behavior at the Alpha Lanes Bowling Alley Incident

During the Alpha Lanes Bowling Alley fire on May 8, 2019, crews encountered critical fire behavior phenomena that required rapid assessment and tactical adjustment. The key operational question was whether the conditions indicated a backdraft or a flashover, both of which present significant hazards to interior crews. Recognizing these fire behavior signs is essential for firefighter safety and effective fireground management.

Identifying Backdraft and Flashover Indicators

Backdraft occurs when a fire in an enclosed space depletes oxygen but retains a high concentration of unburned pyrolyzates and gases. Introducing fresh air can cause an explosive ignition. Signs include smoke stained windows, smoke puffing out intermittently, and a yellowish smoke color. Flashover, in contrast, is the near-simultaneous ignition of all combustible surfaces in a compartment, driven by the buildup of radiant heat. Indicators include rapidly increasing temperatures, rollover flames, and dense smoke lowering toward the floor.

Operational Response and Lessons Learned

At Alpha Lanes, the crew's ability to read these signs dictated the approach to ventilation and interior attack. Proper use of SCBA and PPE was critical due to potential rapid fire progression. Ventilation was coordinated to control the introduction of oxygen and reduce the risk of backdraft. The incident underscores the importance of continuous fire behavior monitoring, communication, and readiness to withdraw if conditions deteriorate. Understanding these phenomena helps crews anticipate fire development and adapt tactics to maintain safety and effectiveness on the fireground.